What we heard — Summary of Public Engagement
Te koke ki tētahi Rautaki Matihiko mō Aotearoa
Towards a Digital Strategy for Aotearoa
Te whakaāhei i te puāwaitanga me te taurikura o te katoa o Aotearoa i roto i te ao matihiko.
Enabling all of Aotearoa New Zealand to flourish and prosper in a digital world.
Background
The Minister for the Digital Economy and Communications Hon Dr David Clark released a discussion document in October 2021 which asked New Zealanders to share their views on the ambition, direction and approach towards developing a Digital Strategy for Aotearoa.
The discussion document stated that a Digital Strategy for Aotearoa (the Strategy) would need to respond to the social, economic, education and cultural opportunities from digital technology, along with the risks that these technologies could bring. It would need to set out some key goals and help identify core priorities and activities for the short to medium term (that is, in the next 2 to 5 years), along with longer term outcomes (out to 2032 and beyond).
The document, and a series of virtual hui run over several weeks, marked the start of a conversation about how Aotearoa New Zealand could reach its full potential in the digital age. It was built around 3 key themes that could form the structure for the Digital Strategy: Mahi Tika — Trust, Mahi Tahi — Inclusion, and Mahi Ake — Growth (see figure 1). It was proposed to focus each theme on achieving a vision of enabling all of Aotearoa New Zealand to flourish and prosper in a digital world.
Overview of engagement
The discussion document was published on 6 October 2021. It was promoted via a range of communications channels including through ministerial presentations at a range of industry events and fora, and via a wide range of government and non-government websites and social media channels and newsletters.
New Zealanders were invited to go online or register to attend a series of virtual hui (via Zoom), where they could participate in workshops and share their ideas of New Zealand’s digital future.
About 320 stakeholders from a range of industry, iwi and community organisations with an interest in New Zealand’s digital future were also emailed directly. They were invited to attend the virtual hui, to participate in the submissions process and encouraged to share the opportunity for engagement widely with their own stakeholder networks.
The engagement approach was focused on facilitating inclusive discussion and genuinely listening to participants. The aim was to invite meaningful input to support the development of a Digital Strategy for Aotearoa. Participants included people from a range of communities and demographic groups.
There was also a specific focus on strengthening Māori–Crown relationships and engagement with iwi leaders, Māori innovators and their communities to share information and build a more cohesive understanding of the current state for Māori, the challenges and opportunities, and the vision for the future.
Virtual hui
More than 320 members of the public attended 10 virtual hui which were held between 12 October and 2 December 2021. There were:
- 4 hui focused on the general topic of New Zealand’s digital future with workshop sessions on each of the 3 key themes of Trust, Inclusion and Growth
- 2 hui focused on Māori
- 2 focused on digital accessibility
- 1 focused on youth
- 1 focused on Pacific peoples.
Written submissions
Overall, 116 written submissions were received (40 from individuals and 76 from organisations).
New Zealanders were also encouraged to go online, read the discussion document and submit their ideas via a Dialogue online collaboration tool. In total 75 ideas were submitted to the Dialogue site with 42 comments added to those ideas.
Website communications
An introductory video from Minister Clark and a copy of the discussion document were published in HTML and PDF formats on the Digital.govt.nz website on 6 October.
Between 6 October and 22 November, the main page where most people were directed had 6,573 unique page views, while an HTML version of the full discussion document had 1,982 unique page views along with an average time spent on the page of over 8 minutes.
There were also 683 views of Minister Clark’s video during the engagement period and several hundred people also interacted with social media posts which encouraged New Zealanders to have their say on New Zealand’s digital future.
Wider community engagement
In the lead up to the engagement period, a series of events were held where Minister Clark was able to present a high-level view of the discussion document.
The Minister presented to an Infrastructure New Zealand Leaders lunch event in August 2021, at an online Digital Boost Alliance workshop in September, and at a Digital Council for Aotearoa e-commerce report launch event in November.
These events enabled the Minister to speak about his aspirations for the Strategy and seek input from attendees.
Wider meetings and hui
Several organisations also held their own meetings and events to consider the discussion document and prepare for their submissions. One example was Veracity Lab, which hosted 3 publicly advertised webinars in early November on the themes of Trust, Inclusion and Growth.
Some organisations including NZTech, the Digital Council, Internet NZ, the Digital Equity Coalition Aotearoa, the Digital Boost Alliance, NZ Rise and Access Advisors also used their own communications and social media channels to encourage people across their networks to send in submissions.
The impact of COVID-19 alert level changes on the engagement process
The cross-agency team had originally planned to run a series of regional in-person hui between 8 September and 17 October 2021 but needed to change the engagement approach due to the impact of New Zealand entering a nationwide COVID-19 alert level 4 lockdown on 17 August.
Running virtual hui rather than in-person events had both positive and negative impacts. It meant that people who did not have internet and device access to participate in a Zoom call would not be able to participate in the virtual hui and would be limited to only being able to make postal submissions.
It was hoped that there would be an opportunity to undertake some in-person events during late October and November 2021 but due to continuing COVID-19 alert level impacts this was not possible. The option of delaying the engagement process until after the lockdown had been lifted was also considered but the risk of ongoing alert level changes and lockdowns leading to further delays meant the decision was made to progress as best as possible, within the alert level limitations.
Organisers were aware that hui held via Zoom might make it more difficult for attendees and facilitators to get to know each other and develop deeper engagement and understanding across their areas of expertise. For this reason, the number of attendees at each of the virtual hui was limited to around 60 people. These groups were then guided into 3 smaller break-out rooms for workgroup sessions to make it possible for everyone to share their input and ideas.
One of the benefits of running virtual hui was that people who did have digital access could easily register and log in from almost anywhere in New Zealand, without the need to travel to an in-person event.
What we heard on the vision, themes and success indicators
There was strong support for the need for a Digital Strategy for Aotearoa from nearly all the submitters with many commending the Minister and the cross-agency team for progressing this work.
Several submitters commented that it has been too long since the last Digital Strategy was delivered in 2008. Some also commented on the timeliness of the Strategy as the government, businesses and communities were responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially with the current focus, both domestically and internationally, on looking to build back better and lay the foundations for a better future.
Many saw ‘digital’, in the broad sense, as being a key enabler for New Zealand’s COVID-19 response and recovery. They said the impact of the pandemic had created an environment which was receptive to doing things differently and leveraging digital opportunity and innovation.
A submission from tech leaders, for example, represented the views of a number of submitters when it stated that: “... now is the time to build on the momentum created by our response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, through the enforced work and lifestyle changes, and the ensuing value of our digital infrastructure. This includes the investment in core enabling technology, for example the fibre to the premise network and investment by businesses in implementing cloud-based systems.”
Meanwhile, a submission from TechnologyOne said that: “The New Zealand Government Digital Strategy could not come at a more opportune or important time. The world is both recovering from an historic moment of disruption due to COVID-19 and a tipping point in the international response to Climate Change. At the same time, there is a transition moment in digital technologies that lends itself to bold policy thinking to align to these 2 global events and set medium-sized advanced nations on a course for generations of prosperity.”
The vision, direction and intent
There was strong support for the concepts proposed by the vision of enabling all of Aotearoa New Zealand to flourish and prosper in a digital world, with nearly all submitters who commented on the vision endorsing the intent.
A submission from Chorus commented that “Chorus shares the government’s vision in Towards a Digital Strategy for Aotearoa to enable all of Aotearoa New Zealand to flourish and prosper in a digital world. The themes of Mahi Tika, Mahi Tahi, Mahi Ake, and their interactions provide a strong foundation for the digital strategy and capture the essential elements of what we agree is needed to help New Zealanders succeed digitally.”
A submission from the New Zealand Public Service Association (PSA) said that: “As a set of guiding goals, the draft digital strategy appears to encompass much of what is needed to ensure a good digital future for Aotearoa New Zealand. The PSA is particularly pleased to see the focus on engagement with Māori in developing an equitable digital environment that reflects both Te Ao Māori and Te Tiriti o Waitangi.”
A submission from COMET Auckland highlighted, in particular, the importance of digital inclusion when they commented that: “The vision and themes give a good balance between equity, safety and growth, all of which are essential if Aotearoa is to gain the potential social and economic benefits of digital technologies.”
“While all 3 goals are important, to us, the most urgent goal to address is Mahi Tahi / equity. Our nation cannot reap the potential benefits of digital technologies if a proportion of our population are unable to access the digital world and have missed out on building the skills they need to harness it.”
A wide range of submitters and virtual hui attendees offered similar views. They also commented that digital inclusion was fundamentally intertwined with wider social and economic barriers to inclusion. To be a thriving digital nation, New Zealand would need to start by ensuring that its people were thriving.
Statements were also made in submissions from InternetNZ, Creative New Zealand, E tū, Microsoft and others showing general support for the vision and themes from across private, public, not-for-profit organisations and unions:
A call to be more ambitious
Several submitters called for more ambition in the framing of the Strategy and for the need to more clearly outline the way forward to turn the aspirations posed in the vision (and supporting themes and goals) into reality.
A submission from Xero commented that some very good thinking had gone into the discussion document and that Xero supported the 3 pillars. But, while the narrative focused on the right areas, the Strategy must be much more ambitious. “For example, the document notes that growth in the tech sector has outstripped the performance of the general economy and sets a target of technology doubling its contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030. Xero’s view is that technology could increase its contribution to GDP 4-fold in that period, particularly if well supported by coherent and integrated policy ...” the submission said.
A submission from the Digital Technology Industry Groups (DTIG) — representing IT Professionals New Zealand (ITPNZ), InternetNZ, NZRise, NZTech and TUANZ — said that the Strategy would need to be ambitious, filled with audacious goals, or it would risk leaving Aotearoa New Zealand behind. The discussion document was a starting point, but they would like to see the Strategy evolve to embody the ambition it would need to realise for our nation.
“We would like to see commitments to significant and effective change beyond what is in current initiatives or the consultation material.” The opportunity to diversify our economy needs to be grasped now as we face the reality New Zealand is rapidly being left behind in the digital world, the submission said.
BusinessNZ’s submission commented that while they didn’t fundamentally disagree with the content of the Strategy, they believed that the Digital Strategy as outlined, was “somewhat underwhelming”. Along with several other recommendations, BusinessNZ’s submission recommended that actions supporting the Strategy be scrutinised in terms of cost / benefit for the whole country so that those themes and outcomes considered the most important to improving New Zealand’s overall digital competitiveness would be prioritised. New Zealand should look to learn from the success and failures of other countries in developing its own digital strategy, rather than trying to be world leading.
Meanwhile, a submission from Victoria University of Wellington said a primary observation was that the level of ambition and the goals, while very commendable, were not yet matched by a complete plan for how those goals will be achieved. Nor did the proposed success measures convey the same level of ambition that had been infused through the rest of document.
What we heard about the proposed themes
Most submissions supported the 3 themes of Mahi Tika — Trust, Mahi Tahi — Inclusion and Mahi Ake — Growth.
Some submitters suggested variations or adjustments to the framing of the 3 themes noting that while these themes were appealing, the underlying layers of structure and delivery would be more complex.
Submitters recommended the following:
Other important areas needing consideration
There was a range of areas that submitters commented were missing from (or that they felt were not sufficiently considered) in the discussion document but that they believed should be prioritised in a final Digital Strategy for Aotearoa.
Submitters recommended the following:
What we heard about governance, planning and accountability
Several submissions called upon the government to develop a detailed implementation plan, with a set of milestones and measurable deliverables, to enable the achievement of the vision, themes and goals.
Submitters considered that the Strategy should set clear and ambitious expectations on agencies (including targets) and that a shared work programme should be developed to support government to collectively work towards the vision in the Strategy. They also highlighted the importance of establishing ongoing systems and processes to monitor progress and hold agencies to account for delivering on the expectations set out in the Strategy.
A submission from the DTIG said that a roadmap and work plan should be developed in parallel with the Strategy itself to:
- ensure that the Strategy implementation could be funded and would be able to commence immediately once approved, and
- provide clarity for industry, community and citizens on how they could engage with and support the Strategy execution.
The submission also recommended that:
- the development and execution of the Strategy should be overseen by an external governance group with representation from industry and community to support implementation and hold government and others involved in delivery to account, and
- cross-ministerial commitments should be officially agreed and resourced, to ensure that all agencies involved in the execution of the Strategy were adequately empowered and resourced for their role in delivery.
Similar comments were also made in submissions made by the NZ Game Developers Association, Amazon Web Services, the AI Forum of NZ, Catalyst IT and Tech Leaders.
Taking a partnership approach
Overall, there was a consensus that initiatives should not be designed and implemented by government agencies in isolation but rather via a partnership or codesign approach with relevant communities of interest. A wide range of submitters commented on their strong commitment to be involved with the Strategy’s implementation and to work alongside government in its delivery.
A submission from the Citizens Advice Bureau (CAB) said that better engagement was needed for the development of the Strategy. It said that the virtual hui had been valuable but were an insufficient mechanism for consultation due to the limited sessions, capped number of participants, and because they meant participation had to occur online. The timeframe for responding had also been very short.
Further engagement should still take place including targeted face-to-face / kanohi ki te kanohi consultation with communities that were over-represented in digital exclusion statistics when COVID-19 restrictions would allow for this.
All public services should be designed and delivered with people’s needs at the centre, which meant ensuring there continue to be non-digital options available, and all government policies and services should be publicly measured using the wellbeing framework, the CAB submission said.
More generally, submissions suggested that the following key principles should underpin how the Strategy would be delivered:
- Partnership — ensuring an inclusive approach to designing the Strategy, related initiatives, and government policy and services more generally. This included building on existing community initiatives. Ensuring that ‘digitally excluded’ New Zealanders were actively involved was critical, not only their representative organisations.
- Accountability — setting clear and ambitious targets / expectations for agencies and holding them to account for delivery.
- Leading by example — ensuring that government agencies demonstrated the behaviours it expected of wider society (for example, by ensuring accessible service design).
Te Tiriti o Waitangi / Crown relations
A wide range of submissions also expressed strong support for having Te Tiriti o Waitangi and its articles acknowledged as a core foundation for the Strategy.
Many respondents highlighted the need for the government to realise its role as a Treaty partner and actively build equity, confidence and opportunities for iwi, hapū and whānau to use and benefit from digital technologies.
They commented on the current levels of inequity in the digital tech sector and the need to grow opportunities for Māori to thrive in digital technology. They also commented on the need to work in partnership with Māori digital technology innovators and to support leadership in Māori innovation.
What we heard about measurement and the success indicators
A range of submitters commented on the section in the discussion document entitled “How we will track our progress”.
Several submissions commented on the need for the Strategy’s framing and measurement to be focused, not just on economic indicators, but more generally on wellbeing outcomes and for the measurement approach to be more closely aligned to The Treasury’s Living Standards Framework.
Others commented that some of the existing measures were vague and did not clearly align to the achievement of the vision or goals. Where good information was not currently available to inform a measure, this might be an opportunity to resource research which would have broader benefits.
The need to measure the existing digital divide and develop indicators to measure progress toward digital inclusion both nationally and for key “disadvantaged communities”, was widely referenced.
Some measurement suggestions
NZTech’s submission, along with others, commented that the Strategy would provide an opportunity to consider new future aspirational goals that may need different models of measurement than the traditional metrics proposed.
A submission from WeCreate noted that traditional measures for the digital technology and creative industries had not been sufficiently updated to reflect recent innovation and changes in these sectors and there was a need for immediate action to improve some specific sector measurements.
Meanwhile, a submission from Honey Consulting noted that ‘digital trade’ was potentially a far broader category than simply Information and Communications Technology (ICT) or software exports, as was implied by the charts in the discussion document. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) definition of digital trade was any “digitally-enabled transaction in which a product, good or service can be either digitally or physically delivered”. This wider definition should be acknowledged.
A submission from Amazon Web Services (AWS) similarly commented that growth measures should embrace the digital economy as a whole, beyond a narrowly defined technology sector. Existing research could be examined to identify methods for determining the digital contribution of specific technologies to the economy and productivity as well as the barriers to increasing impact, and whether these were being reduced.
The AWS submission also recommended that digital government services should be measured by the quality and responsiveness of the services, not just in terms of the number of services that were being provided online.
Submitters said that some of the key new indicators that could be considered included the measurement of:
- the number and reach of government digital services specifically targeting minority groups, or specific communities such as people with disabilities, non-English speakers, and so on. This could include the number of users accessing digital services in specific sectors such as education and health
- the number of women-owned and minority-owned businesses with a digital presence
- investment in the New Zealand’s start-up environment
- digital technology intellectual property registrations
- participation rates in STEM and digital technology qualifications
- New Zealanders’ access to and use of digital tools and services (for example, for education, work, entertainment, social connection, information)
- the NZ digital economy (not limited to ICT) as well as digital trade and exports
- the volume of unfilled positions in the IT sector, level of labour turnover or average level of salary increases, all of which could indicate insufficient skilled workforce which might hinder growth
- the adoption and use of open‐source software.
Improved measurement of digital inclusion
SeniorNet Wellington’s submission commented that there was no broad measure to improve inclusion for people who lacked “the necessary skills, access, motivation or trust to participate in an increasingly digital society”. This was an issue for people experiencing digital exclusion who did not contribute directly to economic growth.
Submissions from InternetNZ, Digital Inclusion Alliance Aotearoa (DIAA), ASB and COMET Auckland, among others, also commented that investment in digital inclusion measures needed further development and should be a priority.
InternetNZ’s submission said that the measure for Mahi Tahi — Inclusion should be expressed in terms of achieving digital equity in Aotearoa. The goal was to “connect people, not houses”, and “it needed to be measured by the level of people’s actual participation, including for the most excluded”. The current proposed measures focused on access to connections but would need to be broadened to cover social barriers to digital equity, such as access to training programmes, community support, and the ultimate output of how many people are enabled to fully participate online.
Beyond the measures proposed, the measures for Mahi Tahi and Mahi Tika would also need to include some assessment of deprivation and exclusion. Qualitative measures were an important part of this picture, as they could offer information on why people did not participate fully.
InternetNZ and DIAA submissions noted that they saw the role of government as providing leadership and funding, to enable the work to be undertaken through networks that had existing relationships and trust in local communities.
The Essential Digital Skills framework[Footnote 1] being developed by the Department of Internal Affairs was useful and provided the right platform to create useful measures.
COMET Auckland’s submission said that, at the very least, some of the measures proposed should be disaggregated by gender, ethnicity and socio-economic background to track any changes in equity. Once baselines were established for these measures, targets should then be set to increase equity in each measure over time.
What we heard about the Mahi Tika — Trust theme
Mahi Tika — Trust was one of the 3 themes that was proposed for the Strategy to achieve its vision.
In the discussion document the theme was supported by the line, “building the right foundations so that Aotearoa New Zealand can lead in the world”. The theme was also supported by the goal that: “We have the right foundations to sell our products and services to the world with confidence, while all New Zealanders embrace the digital future because they feel safe and secure.”
Several submitters felt that the goal for trust should be focused primarily on helping New Zealanders to feel safe online with less focus on linking trust with New Zealand’s ability to sell products and services. They asked for the goal wording to be updated to reflect this.
Many said that they were concerned about the current state of trust in New Zealand’s digital ecosystem right now. They also commented that the importance of trust would only grow as the global technology landscape evolved at a rapid pace. They raised concerns about:
- personal security and the increasing risks of online harm and cyberbullying
- phishing, scamming, deep fakes, and misinformation from online sources being presented as fact. Some referenced the current COVID-19 anti-vax campaign as an example
- cyber security, with some referencing the recent cyber security breach at Waikato DHB as an example
- privacy issues — for example, related to the use of New Zealanders’ personal data by large multi-national players such as Facebook and Cambridge Analytica, and in the increased use of personal data in AI, facial-recognition software and other emerging technologies. Many felt that people’s individual rights were not being adequately protected in a range of current digital environments and applications right now
- the need for Māori data sovereignty and more widely New Zealand data sovereignty.
Some business and technology leaders commented on the need for cyber security to be a more explicit part of the Strategy. One said that, as a country, New Zealand should aspire to the same level of digital security expectation as we do physical security.
Submitters also raised concerns that security was only a minor component of the discussion document and that national cyber security needed to be prioritised. They pointed to the need for public / private partnerships to achieve this, and the need for a national cyber security framework. They commented on the need to collaborate on rules, standards and governance models needed to foster trust and confidence in emerging technology, and on cyber security and resilience. One submitter said that the government should mandate security requirements for critical infrastructure, noting the government should lead by example when it came to cyber resilience.
Many also expressed concerns that everyday New Zealanders did not have the digital skills needed to understand the opportunities digital technologies could enable. Fear and a lack of trust, along with concerns about cost and risk, were key factors in fuelling a lack of motivation. These factors were stopping people and businesses from using digital technology and leveraging innovation opportunities in key areas such as AI.
Trust in digital systems was inextricably linked to the trust people had in the institutions they were interacting with. This was not ‘just about the plumbing’ but would also involve consumer education. BNZ’s submission said there was a need to bring people “on the journey” when building trust on multiple levels:
- Organisational trust — every interaction with an organisation, whether directly related to the topic at hand or not, would affect the trust people have in an organisation.
- Technical trust — the implementation of digital products and services would need to be trustworthy, and this could be done by leveraging existing expertise of specialists (for example, third-party builds).
- Governance trust — what guardrails were in place to help the sector grow safely, and how they would stay relevant in an exponentially changing world.
Consumers would need to be empowered to become more familiar with consent processes and their digital data rights, have greater control of their digital data, trust those managing their digital data, and receive value from sharing their digital data (from subscribing to innovative products and services).
Immediate and longer-term priorities
Many saw the role of government as being a steward, regulator and role model for ensuring a responsible and ethical approach to digital innovation and data-driven technology. There was a need for governance and oversight to ensure trustworthy systems as well as a need to ensure commitments to Te Tiriti o Waitangi underpinned digital public infrastructure.
They also commented on the government’s role in uplifting capability by investing in improving New Zealanders’ digital skills and their ability to interact safely and securely online. This was important for existing digital technology users but also for those digitally excluded New Zealanders who may not yet have the access, motivation and skill required to participate in a digital society.
A submission from Microsoft said that New Zealand was already a leader in collaboratively addressing online harms and had stringent privacy laws, which were among the most comprehensive in the Asia–Pacific region. However, there was still room for collective government action to drive regulatory clarity across government agencies, ensuring agencies could avoid any unintended consequences when regulating different parts of the digital economy. The government could also consider how to strengthen regulatory coherence with the US and the EU, to enable the free flow of digital services and help its digital exporters succeed overseas in those markets.
A submission from Physicians and Scientists for Global Responsibility Charitable Trust called on the government to ensure that:
- New Zealand law had a platform for trustworthy digital developments
- human rights were protected
- the data sovereignty of inhabitants of Aotearoa New Zealand was prioritised
- New Zealanders were protected against opportunistic activities by powerful institutional actors, and
- New Zealand appropriately regulated and taxed foreign entities.
A submission from Veracity Lab said that the government should expand the NZ Government Digital Service Standard to include veracity principles, practices and requirements for all government services, with independent assurance and public reporting of compliance.
Meanwhile, other submitters called on the government to commit to prioritising the use of Open Source software, taking a more secure New Zealand first procurement approach, and ensuring increased control of international access to New Zealand owned data.
Key focus areas identified during virtual workshops on Trust
Submitters considered there was a need to focus on these key areas for Trust:
What we heard about the Mahi Tahi — Inclusion theme
Mahi Tahi — Inclusion was one of the 3 themes that was proposed for the Digital Strategy for Aotearoa to achieve its vision. In the discussion document the theme was supported by the line, “making sure all New Zealanders can ride the digital wave”. The theme was also supported by the goal that: “All New Zealanders have the tools, services and skills they need to participate in, contribute to, benefit from and lead in the digital world”.
There was strong support from across stakeholder groups for improving digital inclusion, particularly for Māori, Pacific peoples, disabled communities as well as for people on lower incomes, for people from remote and rural areas, and for other groups impacted by the ‘digital divide’.
Submitters and participants in the virtual hui commented that the impacts of digital exclusion were profound and more acutely felt by some communities than others. Digital inclusion was fundamentally intertwined with wider social and economic barriers to inclusion. To be a thriving digital nation, New Zealand would need to start by ensuring that our people were thriving.
CAB submitted that access to public services was a human right and the government had a legal obligation in its provision of public services to ensure that it did not exclude people from the services, rights and entitlements that they were trying to access. This was about ensuring there would be an integrated, omni-channel approach so that people could access and transact with public services in a range of ways (for example, online, face-to-face, through others or by phone) so they could get what they needed and were entitled to, with dignity. Offline options should not be seen as time-bound, or as a deficiency, but as a critical part of a well-functioning and inclusive public service. This was about putting people’s needs at the centre and prioritising social inclusion. As government agencies increasingly moved more services online, they had an obligation to ensure that the people they served could continue to easily access those services in a range of ways.
One submitter commented that the United Nations (UN) was among many of the global organisations now citing that “access to the internet is a basic human right” while another suggested that that Universal Basic Internet (UBI) — throttled to a very low speed — should be made available to every New Zealander making it possible for them to access important government services online such as information about their personal health, education and social welfare. The submitter suggested that this could be funded through an expanded telco levy, like the one currently used for the Deaf Relay Service, for some rural broadband access and for the 111 service. Others called, more simply, for high quality broadband to be made available to all New Zealanders.
Several submitters commented that, to remove the existing digital divide the government would need to invest in internet connectivity, devices and digital skills capability for digitally excluded New Zealanders, while simultaneously ensuring that non-digital access options continued to be available.
Internet NZ said it saw the role of government as providing leadership and funding, to enable the work to be undertaken through networks that had existing relationships and trust in local communities. The government would need to focus on affordable connectivity, getting appropriate devices to people, digital skills and wraparound support so that people could make the most of the connectivity and devices.
This would need to be provided as a holistic package of support and provided in a way that met the needs of those groups who faced the greatest digital inclusion barriers. This would involve consideration as to how to use existing trusted networks, and how to support options that provided choice and dignity. Alongside government, the wider digital community including iwi, community organisations and businesses would have a critical role to play in improving digital inclusion.
Speaking from a different perspective, submissions from Infrastructure New Zealand and BusinessNZ cautioned the government not to undertake “regulatory overreach” in its efforts to improve digital inclusion across a range of communities, particularly in instances where this may cause disincentives for investment from commercial providers.
A submission from Vodafone supported the need for digital inclusion but said that further work was needed to set clear expectations of what that would mean in practice. In other words, was it the end goal to provide all New Zealanders access to connectivity that was of equal quality (that is, in terms of service characteristics such as speed) or should the goal instead be around setting specific targets that were dependent on the location (that is, urban / rural). In rural areas with lower population densities, it was not feasible for the private sector alone to fund the network infrastructure needed to meet continuously increasing service expectations, the submission said.
Immediate and longer-term priorities
Submitters noted the need for greater and more sustained long-term investment to improve digital inclusion and proposed a range of initiatives and actions which they considered should be prioritised including the following:
What we heard about the Mahi Ake — Growth theme
Mahi Ake — Growth was one of the 3 themes that was proposed for the Strategy to achieve its vision. In the discussion document the theme was supported by the line, “leveraging what makes New Zealand unique”. The theme was also supported by the goal that: “Our tech sector continues to be fast growing and becomes more inclusive, selling home-grown IP the world over, and all our businesses are quickly adopting technology to grow”.
Overall, submitters welcomed the focus on growth, but many commented that the Strategy would need to be more ambitious for New Zealand to reap the benefits from fast-paced digital innovation and change.
Submitters welcomed further investment in the Digital Industry Transformation Plan (ITP) and Digital Boost, which were aimed at encouraging stronger collaboration between government and industry. But many felt that those initiatives were only part of a wider set of actions needed to support businesses to innovate and increase productivity using digital technologies and data, and to enable a thriving, fast growing and inclusive tech sector.
The opportunity was economy-wide. The government would need to support all sectors to adopt digital and be more active in doing so. There would be broad opportunities to leverage New Zealand’s trusted brand through digital trade, to better cement New Zealand’s place in the world and build on our global reputation as a reliable and principled international collaborator with low corruption and trusted political institutions.
New Zealand could learn from other countries. There was some downside in being ‘world leading’ rather than being ‘fast-followers’ but it could still pick some areas where it could excel in global niches, for example, in bespoke areas such as using technology for biodiversity or ocean management.
There was an appetite for government to partner with businesses to grow the value of the industry, with a core focus on increased export revenue and creating higher value jobs for all New Zealanders.
The industry would need to ‘sell the story’ better as many New Zealanders were unaware of the wider ranging social and economic opportunities available from a more proactive adoption of digital tools and services.
Growth should be measured beyond GDP impact. Overall, the wellbeing of New Zealanders should be the end goal.
Some submitters also challenged the assumption made in the discussion document that widespread digital adoption would result in low emissions. Analysis of the energy use of digital technologies and wider supply chain waste was considered desirable to ensure transparency of the impacts from digital on emissions.
Beyond support for existing work programmes, there was widespread commentary on the need to:
- innovate
- invest in digital skills, assets and infrastructure
- be flexible and take an adaptive approach to rapid technology change
- develop a digital trade plan, and
- educate New Zealanders about the benefits of digital technology.
Immediate and longer-term priorities
Submitters considered there was a need to focus on the following:
What we heard about opportunities for Māori, Pacific peoples and people with disabilities
Key communities who we heard from during the engagement process across the Strategy themes included Māori, Pacific peoples and disabled communities. Two virtual hui focused on Māori, 2 focused on digital accessibility and 1 focused on Pacific peoples.
Opportunities for Māori
The cross-agency Strategy team connected with close to 100 people interested in Māori perspectives on the digital economy through the 2 focused hui. The events highlighted that there is a network of Māori who are currently leveraging the opportunities presented by digital technology — including as founders of start-up businesses, employees of tech companies, or owners of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It was agreed that more focus is needed to encourage rangatahi Māori to pursue education in digital skills and move into careers within the growing digital technology sector. This needs to be accompanied by actions within the sector to better welcome Māori and other under-represented groups.
Engagement with Māori, iwi, hapū and individual Māori entrepreneurs was critical to understanding how the Strategy could be designed in a way that gave effect to Te Tiriti o Waitangi and supported Māori aspirations.
Alongside economic benefits, digital technology was also seen as an enabler of cultural connection, identity and wellbeing for Māori. The way in which Māori might come to understand whakapapa, tikanga and te reo Māori in the future may look different through innovations in digital technology. At the same time, it was equally important that any potential ethical and rangatiratanga issues for Māori that may arise from the expanding use of data and technology were addressed.
A key theme was that the Digital Strategy and the work that follows it must prioritise equity and inclusiveness. Digital technologies have the potential to exponentially shift the dial on social and economic wellbeing for all. However, when equity and Te Ao Māori were not visible, these same digital technologies had the power to “recolonise Māori” and make the equity gap bigger. Four key actions were proposed for the ongoing development of the Strategy:
Opportunities for Pacific peoples
The cross-agency team connected with around 50 people who participated in a Pacific peoples virtual hui. A critical factor in the success of the hui was the decision to ask Pacifika facilitators to lead the hui and breakout rooms sessions creating a welcoming environment for participants to share their ideas. The presence of the Minister for Pacific Peoples, Hon Aupito William Sio, alongside the Minister for the Digital Economy and Communication, Hon Dr David Clark, at the hui was also praised by those participating.
There was a strong focus at the event on what was identified as the worsening digital divide between Pacific people and other groups in Aotearoa New Zealand. A summary report from the Pacifika facilitators said that attendees had articulated clearly that there was “a huge disadvantage for Pacific peoples — with reference to key success indicators such as income, housing, education and health”. There was grave concern that Pacific people were getting left behind and that without bold, courageous leadership, this gap would only widen. Issues of access and affordability were raised, with real life scenarios used in educational and work contexts to explain how many Pacific families had limited resources, low incomes and little to no access to digital connectivity, the report said.
These barriers meant that Pacific students could not learn online during the COVID-19 lockdown, and spaces in the home were also not conducive to learning or working from home. Issues arose from broadband not being easily accessed by those living below the poverty line and that families did not have any, enough or compatible devices to suit their needs for learning or working.
This difference in starting points between Pacific peoples and other groups in Aotearoa was explicitly outlined by attendees — that there was intergenerational poverty and, without direct intervention, provision of funding and resource, and policy changes to lift and implement the living wage, Pacific peoples would continue to be overrepresented in negative statistics, the report said.
A holistic view in understanding the digital divide was crucial and highlighted the desperate situation and disparity Pacific peoples faced. It also meant that discussions about the future, what was possible, the dreams and aspirations were limited — not because attendees didn’t have the capability, but because they felt strongly about how much of an impact this digital divide was and would continue to be if unaddressed.
From the facilitator's report, the focus areas for Pacifika were the following:
Opportunities for people with disabilities
Two virtual hui and a series of organisational interviews were also focused specifically on people with disabilities. Digital accessibility consultancy Access Advisors was commissioned to facilitate the engagement, which focused on the steps needed to ensure the accessibility of digital solutions, remove barriers to digital inclusion and consider the needs of disabled communities in the Strategy.
There was a wide range of attendees involved in the virtual hui including people with disabilities, those representing disability organisations, support and advocacy organisations, and business people with an interest in accessibility. Two hundred and fifty people known to have a personal or professional interest in digital accessibility in Aotearoa were invited and more than 100 people registered. To ensure a fair representation a range of New Zealand disabled persons organisations were also invited to participate in 1-to-1 interviews.
The facilitator’s report commented that no one involved in the engagement process was against the core themes outlined in the discussion document. However, it was clear that people with disabilities both wanted and needed specific consideration and funding to ensure they could participate in digital environments in an equitable way. While it was vital that all New Zealanders were offered the opportunity to participate fully in the digital world, allowance was also needed for those who still needed or wanted more traditional access to services.
From the facilitator's report, the focus areas for people with disabilities were the following:
Other ideas and information that were shared
A wide range of organisations, community groups and individuals provided submissions on the discussion document including representatives from digital tech companies and telcos, local government agencies, unions, universities, academia, researchers, nurses and health sector providers, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), associations and advocacy organisations, consultancies, small businesses, tourism operators, transport providers and wider government agencies representing for example, libraries, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner, the Classification Office, the NZ Infrastructure Commission, the Electoral Commission, the arts sector (refer to the full list of organisations that made submissions in Appendix B).
A core theme that ran through the submissions was a recognition that the application of digital technology and need to keep up with rapid digital technology innovation was a consideration for a wide range of sectors, entities and organisations. They were keen to partner with central government agencies to improve digital access and capability within their own sectors and areas of influence.
- Local government agencies and libraries saw themselves as providing an important channel to improve digital access and capability in their own regions and communities.
- Health providers highlighted the issues and opportunities in improving digital access and capability in the health sector.
- Education providers highlighted the issues and opportunities of access, digital skills development and innovation in the education system.
- Academia highlighted the need to constantly innovate regulation settings and standards in the face of rapid technology change, along with the opportunities for New Zealand to show leadership in digital innovation and R and D.
- Transport providers highlighted the opportunities of digital innovation in areas such as transport network planning, management and monitoring.
- The Arts Council of New Zealand Toi Aotearoa (Creative New Zealand) saw alignment with the Digital Framework that Creative New Zealand developed in 2020, noting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sector’s need to move increasingly online.
Individual submitters raised and supported many of the issues and opportunities already outlined under the Trust, Inclusion and Growth theme areas but also put forward a range of further suggestions and ideas.
Several individual submissions asked, if the government genuinely had a focus on innovation, why weren’t some simple government services already digitally available. They asked, could the government provide a digital driver’s licence, for example, and could it make a PDF version of citizen certificates available?
Some focused on the cost of accessing digital services and asked for the government to regulate to reduce power and internet costs to make “fair access” available and offset the digital divide. One felt that the lower pricing paid for the Skinny Jump plan should be the price paid for all internet access.
Another submitter asked whether government might subsidise zero-rated mobile devices, as the Ministry of Social Development did now for citizens to access all of government services and whether it might consider funding a not-for-profit public sector version of Trade Me.
Some felt strongly that the government should play a stronger role in supporting New Zealand businesses and communities to enable New Zealand-led outcomes by:
- rolling out a countrywide scheme to deliver devices to New Zealanders
- ensuring that digital skills training was available to all New Zealanders, not just those in the education system
- safeguarding New Zealanders against cyber security risks, misinformation and online harm
- ensuring that all data stored by government was stored onshore and controlled under New Zealand laws with rules over international access
- regulating and introducing performance standards for digital services, like those used for electricity and water
- making all government taxpayer-funded software compliant with open standards
- improving international bandwidth to better support New Zealand businesses to export their services from New Zealand without the need to move offshore due to bandwidth limitations
- supporting digital technology and creative sector start-ups with incentives like those already provided to the film industry
- creating a centralised service 0800 hot desk for citizens to speak to a real person on the phone when they had problems accessing or using government services
- prioritising New Zealand technology providers in government procurement processes, and using New Zealand only digital / ICT providers in the education system
- limiting the project purchase cost for individual government projects to $10 million to manage risk and ensuring that significant government digital projects were overseen by a New Zealand governance group with non-government tech expertise
- creating community reference groups with training, templates and administrative support to assist communities to develop their own digital solutions.
Acknowledgements
A big thank you to everyone who participated in the kōrero and submissions process for the discussion document Towards a Digital Strategy for Aotearoa in October and November 2021. It was fantastic to hear from hundreds of New Zealanders across the country who attended virtual hui, provided written submissions by email and post, and added their ideas and comments to the online challenges at https://aotearoa.digital.govt.nz.
We’ve received a wide range of ideas through the engagement process. This input and feedback is now being considered by a cross-agency team and will be used to help inform the development of a Digital Strategy for Aotearoa.
The cross-agency team includes representation from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, Department of Internal Affairs, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, and Stats NZ.
The intention is to publish the Digital Strategy for Aotearoa during 2022. You can sign up for important updates or let us know if you have any further queries by emailing the team at digitalaotearoa@dia.govt.nz.
Appendix A — Glossary of terms
These terms and phrases are used in the digital world and throughout this Summary of Public Engagement.
Term | Description |
---|---|
5G technology | The fifth generation of mobile technology. It enables higher rates of data transmission, reliability and connectivity than earlier 3G and 4G technologies. |
Artificial intelligence (AI) | A computerised system capable of simulating human decision making and learning, including performing cognitive functions associated with the human mind including learning and language. |
Cyber security | Protecting people and their computers, networks, programmes and data from unauthorised access, exploitation or modification. |
Data | Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis. |
Digital | Available in electronic form, readable and able to be manipulated by computer. |
Digital access | The ability to fully participate in digital society. This includes access to tools and technologies, such as the internet and devices. Digital access can also refer to whether online materials are designed to be accessible for disabled people (for example, for blind people using text-to-speak programmes). |
Digital divide | Refers to the gap between demographic population segments and regions that have access to modern information and communications technology, and those that do not or have restricted access. |
Digital exclusion | Refers to individuals and population groups that do not have access to affordable internet or devices, or do not have the skills, motivation or trust to engage in the digital world. |
Digital identity | How you show who you are online. A person’s digital identity can be any information about them, that they use to access online services. For example, proof of age, qualifications or address. |
Digital inclusion | A digitally-included person is someone who has access to affordable and accessible digital devices and services at a time and place convenient to them, as well as the motivation, skills and trust to use them. |
Digital infrastructure | Comprises the physical resources that are necessary to enable the use of data, computerised devices, methods, systems and processes. |
Digital literacy | The essential digital skills you need to live, learn and work in a society where communication and access to information is increasingly through digital technologies like internet platforms, social media and mobile devices. This excludes higher-level skills, for example, programming. |
Digital services | The electronic delivery of information and services including data and content across multiple platforms and devices like web or mobile. |
Digital skills | The skills people need to engage in the digital world from both an essential level (for example, digital literacy) to more advanced skills needed to work in the technology sector (for example, programming skills). |
Digital technologies | Electronic tools, systems, devices and resources that generate, store or process data. Well known examples include social media, online games, multimedia and mobile phones. |
Digitisation | The conversion of content (for example, text, pictures and sound) or business processes into a digital form that can be processed or supported by digital technologies. |
Facial-recognition technology | A way of identifying or confirming an individual’s identity using their face. It can be used to identify people in photos, videos or in real-time. |
Phishing | Using fraudulent emails to persuade people to reveal confidential information, such as login or banking information. |
Privacy or information privacy | Broadly speaking, privacy is the right to be let alone, or freedom from interference or intrusion. Information privacy is the right to have some control over how your personal information is collected and used. |
Software | The programmes used by a computer, as well as other information that it relies on to operate. |
The cloud or cloud computing | A network of remote servers which either store and manage data, run applications, or deliver content or a service such as streaming videos, web mail and software. Instead of accessing data from a local computer network, you access them online. |
Te Ao Māori | The Māori world view. |
Appendix B — List of organisations that made submissions
The following organisations made individual submissions that contributed to this summary of public engagement.
- Adaptive Technology Solutions Ltd
- Amazon Web Services
- Artificial Intelligence Forum of New Zealand
- Arts Council of New Zealand Toi Aotearoa (Creative New Zealand)
- ASB Bank NZ
- Association for Local Government Information Management (ALGIM) and Smart Cities Council ANZ
- Blind Low Vision NZ
- Blink Pay
- BNZ
- BusinessNZ
- Canterbury University (Computer Science Education Research Group)
- Catalyst IT
- CentraPass
- Chorus
- Cisco New Zealand
- Citizens Advice Bureau
- Classification Office
- Comet Auckland
- Community Waikato
- Digital Inclusion Alliance Aotearoa
- Digital Service Providers Australia New Zealand (DSPANZ)
- Disabled Persons Assembly NZ
- E tū Union
- Federated Farmers of NZ
- FinTechNZ
- Greater Christchurch Schools’ Network
- Honey Consulting Ltd
- Infrastructure New Zealand
- InternetNZ
- Joint Digital Technology Industry
- Manaiakalani
- Manawatū Tenants’ Union
- Massey University
- Mega Limited The Privacy Company
- Microsoft
- Ministry of Education — Education Digital and Data Board
- MYOB
- National Library of New Zealand — The New Zealand Libraries Partnership Programme
- New Zealand Electoral Commission
- New Zealand Health Information Technology
- New Zealand Nurses Organisation
- New Zealand Open Source Society Inc.
- New Zealand Planning Institute Te Kokiringa Taumata
- New Zealand Telehealth Forum and NZ Telehealth Leadership Group
- NZ Game Developers Association
- NZ Infrastructure Commission–Te Waihanga
- NZTech
- Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC)
- OpenWorks
- Payments NZ
- Physicians and Scientists for Global Responsibility
- Public Service Association
- Queenstown Lakes District Council
- Runaway Play
- Safe ICT NZ
- Salesforce
- SeniorNet Wellington
- Smart Cities Council ANZ
- Software Innovation New Zealand
- Spada NZ
- Spark NZ
- Te Aka Toitū Trust
- Victoria University of Wellington Te Herenga Waka
- TechLeaders Executive
- TechnologyOne
- The Research Education Advanced Network New Zealand (REANNZ)
- Toi Rauwhārangi, The College of Creative Arts, Massey University
- TradeWindow
- TUANZ
- Venture Taranaki
- Veracity Lab
- Vodafone
- Web Access Waikato Trust
- WeCreate
- Wollemi Consulting Limited
- Xero
Last updated